Introduction to Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model The Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model, developed by David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, is a comprehensive diagnostic tool for organizational analysis. This model helps in understanding how well different components of an organization are aligned and interacting, thereby affectin

Introduction to Muda, Mura, Muri Muda, Mura, Muri are key concepts in the Toyota Production System and lean manufacturing, representing three types of waste that businesses should eliminate to optimize efficiency. Muda refers to non-value-added activities, Mura to unevenness in production, and Muri to overburden or unreasonablen

Introduction to Mintzberg’s 5 Ps Mintzberg’s 5 Ps model, developed by Henry Mintzberg, is a versatile framework in strategic management. It describes five ways to think about strategy: Plan, Ploy, Pattern, Position, and Perspective. This model offers a comprehensive approach to strategy formulation and evaluation, co